Diabetes & Metabolism Journal

Original Article

Comparison of the Efficacy of Glimepiride, Metformin, and Rosiglitazone Monotherapy in Korean Drug-Naïve Type 2 Diabetic Patients: The Practical Evidence of Antidiabetic Monotherapy Study: Kun Ho Yoon, Jeong Ah Shin, Hyuk Sang Kwon, Seung Hwan Lee, Kyung Wan Min, Yu Bae Ahn, Soon Jib Yoo, Kyu Jeung Ahn, Sung Woo Park, Kwan Woo Lee, Yeon Ah Sung, Tae Sun Park, Min Seon Kim, Yong Ki Kim, Moon Suk Nam, Hye Soon Kim, Ie Byung Park, Jong Suk Park, Jeong Taek Woo, Ho Young Son; Diabetes Metab J. 2011;35(1):26-33. Published online February 28, 2011; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4093/dmj.2011.35.1.26

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Background

Although many anti-diabetic drugs have been used to control hyperglycemia for decades, the efficacy of commonly-used oral glucose-lowering agents in Korean type 2 diabetic patients has yet to be clearly demonstrated.

Methods

We evaluated the efficacy of glimepiride, metformin, and rosiglitazone as initial treatment for drug-naïve type 2 diabetes mellitus patients in a 48-week, double-blind, randomized controlled study that included 349 Korean patients. Our primary goal was to determine the change in HbA1c levels from baseline to end point. Our secondary goal was to evaluate changes in fasting plasma glucose (FPG) levels, body weight, frequency of adverse events, and the proportion of participants achieving target HbA1c levels.

Results

HbA1c levels decreased from 7.8% to 6.9% in the glimepiride group (P<0.001), from 7.9% to 7.0% in the metformin group (P<0.001), and from 7.8% to 7.0% (P<0.001) in the rosiglitazone group. Glimepiride and rosiglitazone significantly increased body weight and metformin reduced body weight during the study period. Symptomatic hypoglycemia was more frequent in the glimepiride group and diarrhea was more frequent in the metformin group.

Conclusion

The efficacy of glimepiride, metformin, and rosiglitazone as antidiabetic monotherapies in drug-naïve Korean type 2 diabetic patients was similar in the three groups, with no statistical difference. This study is the first randomized controlled trial to evaluate the efficacy of commonly-used oral hypoglycemic agents in Korean type 2 diabetic patients. An additional subgroup analysis is recommended to obtain more detailed information.

Citations

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Retractions of Publication

Clinical Experience of the Reverse Iontophoresis Based Glucose Measuring System: Glucall(TM).: Sang Youl Rhee, Suk Chon, Gwanpyo Koh, Seungjoon Oh, Jeong taek Woo, Sung Woon Kim, Jin Woo Kim, Young Seol Kim; Korean Diabetes J. 2009;33(2):167-167. Published online April 1, 2009; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4093/kdj.2009.33.2.167

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Abstract PDF: To the editor, My original paper that published in Journal of Korean Diabetes Association 2005;29:167-172, entitled, Clinical Experience of the Reverse Iontophoresis Based Glucose Measuring System: Glucall(TM) was submitted to other international journals by me and the coauthor at the same time independently. I hereby retract the paper.

Retraction: Insulin Secretion and Insulin Resistance in Newly Diagnosed, Drug Naive Prediabetes and Type 2 Diabetes Patients With/Without Metabolic Syndrome.: Sang Youl Rhee, Suk Chon, Seungjoon Oh, Sung Woon Kim, Jin Woo Kim, Young Seol Kim, Jeong Taek Woo; Korean Diabetes J. 2007;31(2):184-184. Published online March 1, 2007; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4093/jkda.2007.31.2.184

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Abstract PDF: No abstract available.

Original Article

Mechanism of 2-Deoxy-D-ribose-induced Damage in Pancreatic beta-cells.: Gwanpyo Koh, Jeong taek Woo, Dae Ho Lee, Seungjoon Oh, Sung Woon Kim, Jin Woo Kim, Young Seol Kim, Deok Bae Park; Korean Diabetes J. 2007;31(2):105-112. Published online March 1, 2007; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4093/jkda.2007.31.2.105

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Abstract PDF

BACKGROUND
Mechanism for glucose toxicity is known to be an increased oxidative stress produced by multiple pathways. In our previous report, 2-deoxy-d-ribose (dRib) promoted apoptosis by increasing oxidative stress in a pancreatic beta-cell line. We performed this study to investigate the mechanism of dRib-induced damage of beta-cells. METHODS: HIT-T15 cells were cultured in RPMI-1640 medium with 40 mM dRib for 24 hours after pretreatment with various concentrations of a metal chelator (DTPA) and inhibitors of protein glycation (aminoguanidine and pyridoxamine). Cell viability was determined by MTT assay. Apoptosis was analyzed by flow cytometry with annexin V/PI double staining. RESULTS: DTPA, which inhibits the monosaccharide autoxidation, partially reversed dRib-induced cytotoxicity in a dose-dependent manner (P < 0.01). The cytotoxicity was also suppressed dose-dependently by aminoguanidine (AG) and pyridoxamine (PM) (P < 0.05 and P < 0.01, repectively). Flow cytometric analysis showed that pretreatment of DTPA and AG also reversed the dRib-triggered apoptosis in a dose-dependent manner. We assessed the additional protective effects of inhibitors of protein glycation from dRib-induced cytotoxiciy in the presence of a metal chelator. The additions of AG (P < 0.05) and PM (P < 0.01) significantly reduced the cytotoxicity compared with DTPA alone group. CONCLUSION: This results suggest that dRib produce cytotoxicity and apoptosis through the mechanisms of advanced glycation endproducts (AGEs) formation including the monsaccharide autoxidation and protein glycation in pancreatic beta-cell. Thus, dRib could be a surrogate for glucose in the study of glucose toxicity and chronic diabetic complications.

Citations

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Isolation of Citrus Peel Flavonoid Bioconversion Microorganism and Inhibitory Effect on the Oxidative Damage in Pancreatic Beta Cells
Chi-Deok Park, Hee-Kyung Jung, Chang-Ho Park, Yoo-Seok Jung, Joo-Heon Hong, Hee-Sun Ko, Dong-Hee Kang, Hyun-Soo Kim
KSBB Journal.2012; 27(1): 67. CrossRef
Kaempferol protects HIT‐T15 pancreatic beta cells from 2‐deoxy‐D‐ribose‐induced oxidative damage
Yun Jung Lee, Kwang Sik Suh, Moon Chan Choi, Suk Chon, Seungjoon Oh, Jeong‐Taek Woo, Sung‐Woon Kim, Jin‐Woo Kim, Young Seol Kim
Phytotherapy Research.2010; 24(3): 419. CrossRef

Randomized Controlled Trial

Randomized, Open Label, Multicenter Clinical Trial about the Effect of Cilazapril on Vascular Endothelial Function in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Combined with Hypertension.: Sang Youl Rhee, Jeong Taek Woo, Sei Hyun Baik, Hyoung Woo Lee, In Kyu Lee, Hye Soon Kim, Moon Kyu Lee, Min Ho Shong, Chung Gu Cho, Byoung Hyun Park, Bong Soo Cha, Young Seol Kim; Korean Diabetes J. 2006;30(6):450-458. Published online November 1, 2006; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4093/jkda.2006.30.6.450

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Abstract PDF

BACKGROUND
The angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor (ACEi) improves the vascular endothelial cell function and has a better clinical outcome by decreasing the LDL cholesterol oxidation, hypercoagulability, oxidative stress and improving the level of endothelial nitric oxide synthesis in patients with type 2 diabetes and hypertension. However, the correlations between the ACEi and the serum markers for the vascular endothelial function in previous studies were not consistent. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Between July 2003 and April 2005, 104 type 2 diabetes patients with hypertension, who had been admitted to 9 major university hospitals in Korea, were examined. The subjects were randomly allocated to the cilazapril (2.5~5 mg/day) and atenolol (50~100 mg/day) treatment group and given a combination of hydrochlorothiazide and amlodipine. The lipid profile and the markers for endothelial function, such as vWF, VCAM, E-selectin, tPA, fibrinogen, adiponectin, hsCRP, nitrotyrosine were evaluated and the differences in the variables were compared with those obtained 6 months later. RESULTS: A total 56 subjects completed the 6-months follow up period. Regarding the baseline characteristics, there were no significant differences in the variables observed in the two groups except for HbA1c (P = 0.037), vWF (P = 0.048), and hsCRP (P = 0.038). After 6 months, both groups showed a significant and identical decrease in the systolic and diastolic blood pressure compared with the baseline (P < 0.002). However, there were no significant differences in the endothelial markers between each group. On the other hand, there was some deterioration in the triglyceride (P = 0.009) and HbA1c (P = 0.017) levels in the atenolol treatment groups. CONCLUSIONS: There were no significant differences in the endothelial function markers observed between the cilazapril and atenolol groups. However, cilazapril had an identical effect on the blood pressure reduction compared with atenolol but had fewer adverse effects on the glucose and lipid metabolism.

Citations

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Potential Protective Role of Blood Pressure-Lowering Drugs on the Balance between Hemostasis and Fibrinolysis in Hypertensive Patients at Rest and During Exercise
Annabella Braschi
American Journal of Cardiovascular Drugs.2019; 19(2): 133. CrossRef

Original Articles

Insulin Secretion and Insulin Resistance in Newly Diagnosed, Drug Naive Prediabetes and Type 2 Diabetes Patients With/Without Metabolic Syndrome.: Sang Youl Rhee, Suk Chon, Seungjoon Oh, Sung Woon Kim, Jin Woo Kim, Young Seol Kim, Jeong Taek Woo; Korean Diabetes J. 2006;30(3):198-206. Published online May 1, 2006; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4093/jkda.2006.30.3.198

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Abstract PDF

BACKGROUND
To evaluate the relationships between deterioration in insulin secretion and aggravated insulin resistance in patients with newly diagnosed prediabetes (preDM) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) according to the presence of metabolic syndrome (MS). METHODS: We performed oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) on 322 drug naive subjects with a history of hyperglycemia of < or = 3 months, and divided these patients into 3 groups, normal glucose tolerance (NGT), preDM (IFG and/or IGT) and T2DM. We also diagnosed these subjects with respect to MS according to ATP III criteria modified by Asia-Pacific guidelines and compared IGI and HOMA-IR in the 3 groups. RESULTS: According to OGTT, 63 subjects were diagnosed with NGT, 81 with preDM, and 178 with T2DM. Using modified ATP III criteria, 218 (67.7%) subjects were diagnosed as MS. When compare groups stratified by the presence of MS, preDM and T2DM groups with MS showed significantly higher mean HOMA-IR and IGI than those without MS. When compare groups with respect to glucose tolerance, NGT, preDM, and T2DM subgroups in MS group showed significant higher HOMA-IR and lower IGI according to glucose tolerance. However, NGT, preDM, and T2DM subgroups in non-MS group showed a significant decrease in IGI but no significant difference in HOMA-IR as glucose tolerance worsened. CONCLUSION: Deterioration in IGI and aggravation of HOMA-IR are both important in the primary pathogenesis of diabetes in those with MS. However, IGI deterioration may be the only important factor in the primary pathogenesis of T2DM in the absence of MS.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

The Relationship between β-cell Function and Nutrient Intakes in Korean Adult - Using 4thKorea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2009 -
You Mi Lee, Hye Kyung Chung, Heejin Kimm, Sun Ha Jee
Korean Journal of Community Nutrition.2012; 17(2): 243. CrossRef

The Clinical Characteristics of Young Onset Diabetes According to Etiology Based Classification.: Mina Park, Yang Il Kang, Suk Chon, Seung joon Oh, Jeong taek Woo, Sung Woon Kim, Jin Woo Kim, Young Seol Kim; Korean Diabetes J. 2006;30(3):190-197. Published online May 1, 2006; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4093/jkda.2006.30.3.190

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Abstract PDF

BACKGROUND
Recently, the number of young diabetic patients is increasing. It is important to understand the characteristics of young diabetes and classify it correctly to manage these patients successfully. We aimed to classify young onset diabetes according to etiology and evaluate the clinical characteristics. METHODS: Young patients (15~30 years old) who have been treated diabetes in Kyunghee medical center in 2004 were included. We investigated family history of diabetes, disease duration, body mass index (BMI), the history of diabetic ketoacidosis, HbA1c, fasting C-peptide, autoantibody, lipid profile and treatment method via medical records. RESULT: Total 85 patients (M:F 40:45) were evaluated. Type 1 diabetes was 45.9%, type 2 diabetes was 23.5% and unclassified group was 25.9%. Many type 2 diabetic patients were overweight or obese (94.8%). Most young diabetic patients were using insulin (95.4%). Many type 1 diabetic patients have been treated by insulin only and many type 2 diabetic patients have been received combined therapy of insulin and oral hypoglycemic agent. The recent HbA1c was average 8.32 +/- 2.7%. The prevalence of diabetic retinopathy, neuropathy and nephropathy was 32.9%, 22.4% and 16.4% as each. CONCLUSION: Nearly half of young onset diabetes was type 1 diabetes but many others were also classified to type 2 diabetes or unclassified group. It is important to provide a consistent algorithm for assessment and investigation for newly diagnosed young diabetic patients. More education and effort are required to control diabetes strictly and prevent its complication.

Citations

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The Difference in Risk Factors Between Adults With Early-Onset (<40 Years Old) Versus Late-Onset (≥40 Years Old) Type 2 Diabetes in a University Hospital From January 2015-December 2017
Marilyn Katrina C Caro, Elaine C Cunanan
Journal of Medicine, University of Santo Tomas.2022; 6(2): 1009. CrossRef
Lifestyle-related predictors affecting prediabetes and diabetes in 20-30-year-old young Korean adults
Kyong Sil Park, Seon Young Hwang
Epidemiology and Health.2020; 42: e2020014. CrossRef
The Clinical Characteristics of the Newly Diagnosed Early Onset (< 40 Years Old) Diabetes in Outpatients' Clinic
Kyung-Soo Kim, Hyun-Ju Oh, Ji-Woon Kim, Yeo-Kyung Lee, Soo-Kyung Kim, Seok-Won Park, Yoo-Lee Kim, Won-Keun Park, Yong-Wook Cho
Korean Diabetes Journal.2010; 34(2): 119. CrossRef
Anti-GAD Antibody in Patients with Adult-Onset Diabetes in Korea
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Korean Diabetes Journal.2009; 33(1): 13. CrossRef

Clinical Experience of the Reverse Iontopheresis Based Glucose Measuring System: GlucallTM.: Sang Youl Rhee, Suk Chon, Gwanpyo Koh, Seungjoon Oh, Jeong Taek Woo, Sung Woon Kim, Jin Woo Kim, Young Seol Kim; Korean Diabetes J. 2005;29(2):167-172. Published online March 1, 2005

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Abstract PDF: BACKGROUND
Finger pricking is currently the common method of blood glucose measurement in patients with diabetes mellitus. However, diabetes patients have proven reluctant to regularly check their glucose profiles because of the small amount of blood that is required. Recently, a non-invasive and continuous glucose monitoring device that is based on reverse iontophoresis(GlucallTM) has been developed. In this study we wanted to evaluate the accuracy and the clinical acceptability of this new device. METHODS: The study was conducted during the period from November 2003 to January 2004 on 19 in-patients who had been admitted to Kyung Hee University Hospital. Glucose measurements using GlucallTM were performed between 10am and 4pm. The concurrent plasma glucose levels were checked hourly and they were subsequently compared with the GlucallTM data. RESULTS: The mean error(ME) of the GlucallTM measurements was -3.45+/-52.99mg/dL with a mean absolute relative error(MARE) of 20+/-15.16%. Measurements obtained by GlucallTM had a correlation coefficient of 0.784(P<0.05) with the plasma glucose levels, as was determined by linear regression analysis. This correlation was consistent regardless of the time of data collection. However, after excluding such confounding variables as age and gender, the correlation coefficient exhibited a tendency to increase. 98.9% of the results were clinically acceptable according to Clarke error grid analysis. CONCLUSION: GlucallTM does not yet have the reliability and accuracy to wholly replace the conventional methods. However, further technical advancements to reduce its shortcomings will make this device useful for the management of diabetes patients

Case Report

A Case of Failure in Insulin Pump Treatment due to Abdominal Subcutaneous Fat Atrophy and Lipohypertrophied Nodules.: Sang Youl Rhee, Suk Chon, Gwanpyo Koh, Seungjoon Oh, Jeong taek Woo, Sung Woon Kim, Jin Woo Kim, Young Seol Kim; Korean Diabetes J. 2004;28(6):547-553. Published online December 1, 2004

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Abstract PDF: The insulin pump is an effective glycemic control device those function is analogous to the physiologic regulation of insulin in vivo. When sufficient patient education and proper selection of patients is done, the insulin pump is one of the most effective treatment modalities for diabetic patients. However, various side effects and complications might occur during its application. We report here on an unusual case of diabetic ketoacidosis that was caused by acute inflammatory colitis and insulin pump malfunction. Peculiarly, the cause of pump malfunction was far removed from its mechanical problem. We concluded that the cause of the insulin pump malfunction was due to abdominal subcutaneous fat atrophy and the lipohypertrophied nodules of the patient that developed due to the prolonged usage of the insulin pump.

Original Articles

The Effect of cAMP-Elevating Agents on High Glucose-Induced Apoptosis of Isolated Islets of Rat Pancreas.: Gwan Pyo Koh, Kwang Sik Suh, Suk Chon, Seung Joon Oh, Jeong Taek Woo, Sung Woon Kim, Jin Woo Kim, Young Seol Kim, Sun Hee Kwon; Korean Diabetes J. 2004;28(6):490-500. Published online December 1, 2004

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Abstract PDF: BACKGROUND
High glucose-induced apoptosis has been implicated in the loss of beta-cells of the pancreatic islets in animal models of type 2 diabetes. GLP-1 has been shown to reduce apoptosis by the cAMP-dependent mechanism in beta-cells. Other studies have also shown that elevated levels of intracellular cyclic AMP delayed apoptosis in other types of cells. We investigated whether cAMP-elevating agents could suppress the high glucose-induced apoptosis of isolated rat islets. METHODS: Pancreatic islets were isolated from Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats. The expression of phosphodiesterase (PDE) 3 subtypes was investigated by using extracts of freshly isolated islets and analyzing them by RT-PCR. After 2 days of isolation, the islets were cultured in RPMI-1640 media containing 5% FBS with various glucose concentrations (11.1, 16.7 and 27.8 mM), 5x10-6 M forskolin, 2x10-4 M 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine (IBMX), 10-5 M cilostazol, and 10-6, 5x10-6 and 10-5 M H-89 for 5 days. The islet apoptosis was measured by a sandwich enzyme-immunoassay using antihistone antibody. RESULTS: Apoptosis was lowest at 11.1 mM glucose concentration, and increased at higher glucose concentrations (1.00 +/- 0.04 A.U. (arbitrary unit) at 11.1 mM, 1.17 +/- 0.12 A.U. at 16.7 mM, and 1.65 +/-0.13 A.U. at 27.8 mM (P <0.05 for 11.1 mM). Both PDE 3A and 3B mRNA were expressed in the islet extracts. In 16.7 and 27.8 mM glucose concentrations, forskolin (P <0.01), IBMX (P <0.05) and cilostazol (P < 0.05) suppressed apoptosis of the islet cells. Protein kinase A (PKA) nhibitor, H-89, did not prevent the inhibition of apoptosis by forskolin. CONCLUSION: These results show that high glucose-induced apoptosis of the cells in rat islet is attenuated by such cAMP-elevating agents as cilostazol. However, cyclic AMP regulation of islet apoptosis may occur via a PKA-independent signaling pathway.

Homeostasis Model Assessment In Korean Type 2 Diabetes Patients.: Hyun Ha Chang, Jin Woo Kim, Mee Suk Rhu, Cheol Young Park, Seung Joon Oh, Jeong Taek Woo, Sung Woon Kim, Young Seol Kim, Young Kil Choi; Korean Diabetes J. 2002;26(4):296-305. Published online August 1, 2002

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Abstract PDF: BACKGROUND
Both insulin resistance and decreased insulin secretion have been known to be defects causing type 2 diabetes. However, decreased insulin secretion rather than insulin resistance has been suggested to be a more important factor in development of type 2 diabetes in Korea. Thus, we undertook this study to evaluate insulin resistance and beta cell function in Korean type 2 diabetes patients. METHODS: Retrospectively, we applied HOMA model to 1,233 type 2 diabetes pateints (575 males and 658 females) and assessed HOMA(beta cell) function and HOMA(IR). RESULTS: The HOMA(IR) of Korean male was 2.6 (0.05~39.53) and that of Korean female was 3.1 (0.04~53.54), and the HOMA(beta cell) of male was 22.3 (0.2~873.8)%, and that of female was 30.6 (0.37~1738.3)%. There was no significant difference. There was no significant correlation between HOMA(IR) and age and duration of diabetes, but there was significant correlation between HOMA(beta cell) and BMI, 0 min, 30 min insulin level and 0 min C-peptide level in oGTT. In the group of high HOMA(IR) than lower HOMA(IR), HOMA(beta cell) have more strong correlation with age at dignosis, BMI, duration of diabetes, FBS, 0 min and 60 min insulin, 0 min C-peptide and 24 hour urine C-peptide. CONCLUSION: In comparison with HOMA Model of San Antonio Heart Study, the HOMA(beta cell) and HOMA(IR) of Korean were lower, so the HOMA(beta cell) and HOMA(IR) may be different between ethnic groups. And further prospective analysis for the evaluation of insulin resistance and insulin secretion defect with HOMA model should be done in Korean type 2 diabeties.

Gastric Dysfunction Assessed by Electrogastrography and the Acetaminophen Absorption Technique in Patients with Diabetic Neuropathy.: Hyun Ha Chang, Young Seol Kim, Sang Hwa Kim, Cheol Young Park, Seung Joon Oh, Jeong Taek Woo, In Myung Yang, Sung Woon Kim, Jin Woo Kim, Young Kil Choi; Korean Diabetes J. 2001;25(1):83-92. Published online February 1, 2001

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Abstract PDF: BACKGROUND
In patients with diabetes mellitus, dysrhythmias of gastric myoelectrical activity are frequently associated with gastroparesis. Thus, we investigated the relationships between abnormal gastric myoelectrical activity and gastric emptying rate in patients with diabetes mellitus. METHODS: Using surface electrogastrography (Nippro, Tokyo, Japan) and acetaminophen absorption technique, we studied EGG and gastric emptying rate in 39 patients with diabetic neuropathy and 15 healthy volunteers as the control group. RESULTS: In two thirds of the patients with diabetes mellitus, fasting electrogastrography revealed instability of electrical control activity (ECA), as compared to 13% of the control. Postprandial amplitude and frequency increases in electrogastrography were observed in the control group. However, these postprandial responses were obtunded in patients with diabetes mellitus. In the assessment of gastric emptying rate, increases of plasma acetaminophen levels were delayed in obtunded postprandial responses of gastric myoelectrical activity. CONCLUSION: These results showed that the abnormal electrogastrography patterns were related to abnormal finding assessed acetaminophen absorption technique. Electrogastrography was thought to be a useful and non-invasive technique in assessing diabetic gastroparesis.

Free Testosterone and Sex Hormone-Binding Globulin Level in Type 2 Diabetic Men.: Ki Deuk Nam, Young Seol Kim, Cheol Young Park, Seung Joon Oh, Deog Yoon Kim, Jeong Taek Woo, Sung Woon Kim, In Myung Yang, Jin Woo Kim, Young Kil Choi; Korean Diabetes J. 2000;24(6):699-707. Published online January 1, 2001

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Abstract PDF: BACKGROUND
Insulin resistance is a risk factor for cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes mellitus. There are many previous studies indicating that insulin lowers serum sex hormone-binding globulin levels, and there is inverse correlation between insulin resistance and serum sex hormone-binding globulin levels in women. However, in men, a limited number of studies are available to explain the effect of sex hormone on age and insulin. Therefore, the present study was undertaken to investigate the relationship among free testosterone, hormone- binding globulin and age in type 2 diabetic men and control subjects. METHOD: Age, body mass index, total cholesterol, triglyceride, fasting blood sugar, and insulin concentrations were examined on 89 type 2 diabetic men and 47 control subjects. The free testosterone level was measured by commercially available double-antibody system (Radioimmunoassay). The sex hormone-binding globulin level was also measured by commercially available double-antibody system(Immunoradiometric assay). RESULTS: 1) Sex hormone-binding globulin level was significantly increased in patients with type 2 diabetes. However, there was no significant difference in free testosterone level between the two groups. 2) Sex hormone-binding globulin was positively correlated with age (r=0.4, p<0.001) in patients with type 2 diabetes. Sex hormone-binding globulin and free testos terone were not correlated with age in control sujects. 3) Free testosterone and sex hormone-binding globulin concentrations were not significantly related to serum insulin concentration after adjusting for age and body mass index. CONCLUSIONS: We observed increased sex hormone-binding globulin concentration in diabetes man, and was a positively related to age. Further studies are needed to understand the relationships between age, insulin resistance, testosterone, and sex hormone-binding globulin concentrations.

Lowering Effect of Voglibose, Monotherapy on Uncontrolled Postprandial Glucose in Patients with Non-Insulin Dependent Diabetes Mellitus (NIDDM) Being Treated with Strict Diet Control: Multicenter Open-Study.: Jeong Taek Woo, Young Seol Kim, Young Kil Choi, Jin Woo Kim, In Myung Yang, Sung Woon Kim, Deog Yoon Kim, Kwang Won Kim, Moon Kyu Lee, Myung Shik Lee, Jae Hoon Jung, Kyu Jeong Ahn, Hyun Chul Lee, Young Deuk Song, Bong Soo Cha, Jee Hyun Lee, Hyung Joon Won; Korean Diabetes J. 1998;22(3):419-428. Published online January 1, 2001

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Abstract PDF: BACKGROUND
It is sometimes very difficult to control the elevation of postprandial glucose with diet therapy only in patients with NIDDM partly because of their defective insulin response to glucose. Recently the alpha-glucosidase inhibitors which inhibit carbohydrate digestion and suppress or delay absorption of the final breakdown products, glucose and fructose when it is taken orally with meal have been widely used in the treatment of diabetes. The drugs, however, provoke the adverse effects e.g. flatulence, diarrhea etc. in some patients. Therefore we studied the efficacy of the more recently developed alpha glucosidase inhibitor, Voglibose (Basen, Cheiljedang) METHODS: Fifty five patients whose postprandial two hour serum glucose levels were more than 11.1 mmol/L despite the strict diet therapy during the 4 week observation period were assigned to receive Voglibose 0.2 mg before each meal t.i.d. for 8 weeks. Of 55 subjects, 41 were given Voglibose 0.3 mg t..i.d. for the last 4 weeks because of their poor glucose control, RESULTS: The postprandial one and two hour serum glucose levels significantly decreased after therapy; 1 hour: 17.5+4.4 mmol/L(prior to therapy), 15.4+3.8 mmol/L(4 week after), 14.8+5.1 mmol/L(8 week), p <0.00l, 2 hour: 16.7+4.5 mmol/L, 14.8+3.9 mmol/ L, 14.8+4.5 mmol/L, p<0.00 l, t-tests for paired samples. Total serum cholesterol and HDL cholesterol levels also significantly decreased(5.24+1.06 - 4.90+1.27 mmol/L, p=0.036, 1.34+0.66 1.16 +0.3l mmol/L, p=0.035 respectively) However, HbAlc, serum fructosamine, insulin and triglyceride levels were not significantly changed. The prevalence of the adverse effects due to Voglibose was 14%(10/71). All of them were less than grade II of WHO criteria and disappeared despite continuing therapy. CONCLUSION: Voglibose monotherapy is considered as having an glucose lowering effect in patients with NIDDM whose adequate postprandial blood glucose cannot be achieved with diet therapy only.

Clinical effect of topical capsaicin in painful diabetic polyneuropathy.: Dai Ok Cho, Jae Man Kim, Deog Yoon Kim, Jeong Taek Woo, Sung Woon Kim, In Myung Yang, Jin Woo Kim, Young Seol Kim, Kwang Won Kim, Young Kil Choi; Korean Diabetes J. 1993;17(4):411-417. Published online January 1, 2001

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Abstract PDF: No abstract available.

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